Endocrine Abstracts

For quite a long time, the brain has been considered as an insulin independent organ capable of utilizing glucose without participation of insulin. Today, insulin is thought to be not only a regulator of glucose transport and metabolism, but also as a modulator of some processes, including neuronal excitability, proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cells, synaptic plasticity, memory formation, secreting of neurotransmitters and apoptosis. The work was initiated to c...

Obesity is thought to be a main risk factor of insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. Study on concentrations of lipids in the tissues of animals with experimental model of obesity resulting in insulin resistance remains currently central. The work was initiated to study the spectrum of lipids and their concentrations in the tissues of experimental animals with the induced alimentary obesity.Alimentary obesity with concurrent insulin resistance was in...

Members of the Euphorbia L. genus have been used both in both traditional and alternative medicine for treatment of a wide range of disorders since time immemorial. Due to a wide spectrum of compounds of phoyphenolic nature, they are known to show anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, fungicidal and antileukemic effects. The work was initiated to study a hypoglycemic effect of polyphenolic compounds isolated from two types of the Euphorbia L. genus. Polyphen...

There are three main types of diabetes mellitus: type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and gestational diabetes, with the first two types making about 99% of cases.According to its nature, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is considered as a typical autoimmune disorder characterized with specific autoantibodies. Immunological markers of the diabetes mellitus onset can be found not only in T1DM with its specific clinical picture, ...

The fat tissue inflammation and insulin resistance formation are common in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF-α), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, was found to be a key one in onset and progression of insulin resistance, blocking the insulin signaling pathway and hampering the gene expression of GLUT4, the intracellular insulin-regulated glucose transporter in body tissues. Rise in the TNF-α concentration in blood serum is b...

Associated with the increased generation of free radicals and reduced activity of antioxidant system, oxidative stress is a pathogenetic mechanism underlying the onset of diabetic complications. Antioxidants are known to facilitate normalization of lipid peroxidation, composition, structures and functions of biological membranes. Antioxidants are universal membrane-trophic agents protecting against damaging factors. Plant antioxidants play a significant role in treatment of di...

Testing for genetic markers is a promising approach in early diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). Of all DM1-associated genes and genetic loci, after HLA class II, insulin promoter gene confers the highest risk for the onset of disease with the burdened familial history for diabetes mellitus.Materials and methodsGenealogical analysis was used to identify the hereditary nature of the disease. DNA samples from 94 Uzbek patien...

Obesity of varying severities can be seen in the vast majority of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Oxidative stress is considered as a key pathogenetic link in the formation of metabolic disorders in obesity. The work was initiated to assess intensity of oxidative stress in obese patients with DM2.Materials and methodsThe patients were divided into 3 groups. Patients with DM2 and BMI > 30 kg/m2 were incl...